• A drug is any substance that is taken into the body and modifies or affects the chemical reactions that occur within it.
• Drugs can influence processes such as metabolism, enzyme activity, and signal transmission, leading to changes in body function or behavior.
• Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections by killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth.
• They work by targeting specific structures or processes essential for bacteria, such as cell walls or protein synthesis, without harming human cells.
• Common antibiotics include penicillin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline.

Antibiotic Resistance

• Some bacteria have developed resistance to certain antibiotics, which means they are no longer affected by the drug.
• When bacteria are resistant, antibiotics become less effective or completely ineffective, making infections harder to treat.
• When bacteria is exposed to antibiotics, more susceptible bacterium are killed and less susceptible bacterial cells survive
• This is due to to mutations that make less susceptible bacteria to survive because of development of antibiotic resistance genes/alleles
• The bacteria that survives reproduce and pass on their antibiotic resistance genes to their offspring.
• Antibiotic resistance becomes more likely due to:
  • overuse of antibiotics
  • use of unnecessary antibiotics
  • incomplete antibiotic courses
  • poor infection control
• Antibiotic resistance:
  • Increased Difficulty in Treating Infections
  • Increased Risk of Severe Infections
  • Longer Hospital Stays and Recovery Time
  • Spread of Resistance